Cat (Felis catus), also called house cat or domestic cat, is a member of the family Felidae in the order Carnivora. Domestic cats have 19 pairs of chromosomes and, like humans, one pair of sex chromosomes determining their sex (two X chromosomes for females, one X and one Y chromosome for males). These genes determine the genetic makeup of the cat, called the genotype.
- For an account of the relationship of the cat family to other carnivores, see carnivore.
- Domestic cats are induced ovulators, which means that ovulation does not occur until the queen mates.
- As cats spread around the world, pockets of cats adjusted to their unique environments and passed on their adaptations to their offspring.
- The other lineage appeared in Egypt between 6,400 and 1,000 years ago before spreading throughout the Mediterranean.
- Average lengths are 71.1 cm (28 inches) for males and 50.8 cm (20 inches) for females.
Associations with human culture
A breeding female (queen) can come into heat as many as five times a year. The pupils of the eyes expand or contract according to the intensity of light. The taste receptors are located on the front, sides, and back of the tongue. They can detect frequencies both above and below the range spinmills casino promo code humans can detect. Down hairs are the most numerous; they are very fine and mat the easiest. In addition, bristling creates air pockets that protect the cat against cold.
Ears
Color perception is not highly developed in cats, likely because it is unimportant to their survival; detecting a prey animal’s movements is more important than observing its colors. The Jacobson’s, or vomeronasal, organ is situated between the nose and the palate, and cats access this sense by “flehming,” which looks like a cat grimace or sneer. In addition, cats have a special sense best described as a cross between taste and smell. Their sense of smell is crucial to sensing prey and evaluating food.
Cats’ eyes are large with pupils that expand or contract to mere slits according to the density of light. Average lengths are 71.1 cm (28 inches) for males and 50.8 cm (20 inches) for females. The other lineage appeared in Egypt between 6,400 and 1,000 years ago before spreading throughout the Mediterranean. One lineage appeared in Asia Minor as early as 6,400 years ago, dispersing northward and westward into Europe.
It acts as a counterweight, but it is the cat’s sense of equilibrium and its flexible spine that allow it to self-right when falling. Not only is the cat’s hearing acute, but its outer ears are equipped with more than a dozen muscles that allow the ears to swivel 180 degrees. But male cats with their one X chromosome can be either orange or black but not both.
Smell
- The Jacobson’s, or vomeronasal, organ is situated between the nose and the palate, and cats access this sense by “flehming,” which looks like a cat grimace or sneer.
- Cats, like all other sexually reproducing animals, inherit half of their genetic makeup from each parent.
- Kittens are born blind, deaf, and helpless; their senses begin to function about 10 days after birth.
- Surprisingly, the cat is mentioned only once in the Bible, in the Letter of Jeremiah.
- The eyebrows and hairs of the cheek, chin, legs, and ears are extremely sensitive to vibrations and provide cats with a great deal of information.
In Greece evidence from art and literature indicates that the cat was present there from the 5th century bce, and tiles featuring cats appeared in China from 500 bce. All of this attests to the great social and cultural importance afforded cats in ancient Egypt. Egyptian royalty adorned their cats in gold, while the lower classes made and wore jewelry depicting cats. Since Cyprus is an island and cats are not native, it is clear that cats were transported there by boat, and the burial suggests that cats were already considered companions. A grave containing the remains of a human and a cat dating to about 9,500 years ago was discovered in southern Cyprus.
Predators and dominant cats locate by scent, which is why domestic cats may avoid dirty litter boxes. Despite popular belief, the eyes of domestic cats do not actually glow in the dark. The senses of taste and smell are closely related in cats and, because of this, the aroma of food is vital to a cat’s enjoyment. The cat’s hearing is tuned to higher frequencies because the sounds of its usual prey are generally higher pitched. This is why, when trimming the nails of domestic cats, pet owners should cut the sharp white tip of the nail but not the pink quick, since cutting the latter can be painful for a cat. Orange coloration in cats (known as genetic red) is called “sex-linked,” because the gene is located on the X chromosome.
Cats (
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Each gene inhabits a particular site (locus) on a chromosome, and, because cats have two of each chromosome, they also have two copies of each gene. When a cat’s eyes shine, light is bouncing off a layer of cells behind the retina called the tapetum lucidum. Their ears are mobile and can move independently of one other, allowing cats to pinpoint sounds with accuracy.
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If the cat has two different gene copies for a particular trait, the dominant gene will have a masking or overriding effect on the recessive gene. Domestic cats are induced ovulators, which means that ovulation does not occur until the queen mates. Also, dominant cats spray urine and leave their wastes uncovered to mark their territory.
Burying urine and feces in loose soil is normal behavior for cats. As long as they are not competing for limited food resources, they can form close-knit groups that are usually composed of the mother cat and her kittens and related females. No one knows how cats accomplish this feat, but theories abound, including that cats use Earth’s magnetic fields to negotiate their way back to familiar territory. However, the cat has relatively few taste receptors—only 473 compared with humans’ 9,000.
This is why feral cats abound and why experts do not consider the cat to be a fully domesticated animal. Cat, (Felis catus), domesticated member (felid) of the family Felidae. The retina of the cat’s eye is made extra sensitive to light by a layer of guanine, which causes the eye to shine at night in a strong light.
The paired gene copies may be different from each other and cause variations in characteristics. Cats, like all other sexually reproducing animals, inherit half of their genetic makeup from each parent. These sounds can be interpreted as greetings, demands, pleas, challenges, or warnings, depending on the tone. Kittens are born blind, deaf, and helpless; their senses begin to function about 10 days after birth. This efficient system vastly increases the chances that a cat will conceive, which is one of the reasons for cat overpopulation.
